Dynamic marks indicate how loud or soft the music should be played. For instrumental parts, dynamic marks are placed under (or near-by) a note beneath the musical staff. For a vocal part, the dynamic mark is placed above (or near-by) a note on top of the musical staff.

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forte possible:  As loud as possible   fortissimo:  Very loud.   forte:  Loud.   mezzo forte:  Moderately loud.   mezzo piano:  Moderately soft.   piano:  Soft.   pianissimo:  Very soft.   piano possible:  As soft as possible.   forte-piano:  Loud, then immediately soft.   sforzando:  Strongly accented.   rinforzando:  Reinforced.